剑桥MSE考试培训中心:这篇形容词、副词很重要,建议打印
一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成:
1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如:
原级 比较级 最高级
useful -- more useful -- most useful
difficult -- more difficult -- most difficult
delicious -- more delicious -- most delicious
3.有几个形容词、副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:
总结为“两好,两坏,两多,一少,一老,一远” 不规则。
注意:healthy--healthier----healthiest
friendly---friendlier---friendliest
crowded---more crowded---most crowded
二.形容词、副词比较级的用法
1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好?
2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:
a. 名词或代词:
He is older than me / I .
他年龄比我大。
b. 动名词:
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c. 从句:
I was a better singer than he was.
我唱歌比他好。
句型1:as+形容词原形+as
This jacket is as beautiful as that one.
句型2. not as+形容词原形+as=not so+形容词原形+as
前者不及/不如 后者
This school is not as beautiful as that one.
表达前者不如后者还可以用:less +原级+than
This school is less beautiful than that one。
句型3 :
1)表示“是......的几倍时” ......倍数+as 原级as.......
This garden is ten times as large as that one。
这个花园是那个的九倍大。
倍数的表达:once ; twice ; three times; four times.......
2)表示“比...多几倍” 倍数 + 比较级+than ....
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.
他的花园比那个大九倍。
句型4 :比较级+than any other+单数名词
“比其他的任何一个...”
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
句型5 :the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....”
Amy is the shorter of the two girls.
句型6 :(单音节)比较级 + and + 比较级”
(多音节)“more and more +原级”, 越来越……
better and better
fatter and fatter
more and more beautiful
句型7 :the 比较级+句子, the 比较级+句子
越……, 越……。
The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
注意:比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。
三. 形容词、副词比较级的修饰语
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.
只用于修饰比较级的:much; still; even
在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.
He can't jump any higher.
他不能跳得更高了.
Can he jump any higher?
他能跳得更高一些吗?
Do you feel any better today?
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.
如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.
四.最高级的使用
(三者或三者以上) 形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级可省略the,
句型1:the+最高级+ of /in
a. in 表示
“在…内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词.
My mother is the busiest in my family
b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接
Jim works hardest of us all. Of the mountains , this is the highest.
句型2 :One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”
One of the most important languages is English.
最重要的语言之一是英语。
句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语 “
在……中是第几个……”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
比较级中为了避免重复,常用one/that/those替代名词。往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。
This pen is shorter than that one.
The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.
The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.