剑桥MSE语法课堂丨直接引语变间接引语，讲解+练习！
一. 语法讲解
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，直接引语通常都用引号括起来。
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
总结：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等相应变化。
总结：
【人称的变化】
一随主（第一人称根据主语来变）
二随宾（第二人称根据宾语来变）
三不变（第三人称不变）
E.g.
一随主
John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”
John said that he was going to London with his father.
二随宾
I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”
I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
三不变
John said, “Mary is going to London with her father.”
John said that Mary was going to London with her father.
【时态的变化】
主句时态一般是过去式，此时时态的变化规则是：除了过去完成时时态不变，其它向过去推移一步，具体如下：
其它时态不变的情况：
客观事实、真理、谚语、习惯性动作
He said, “The moon moves around the earth.”
He said that the moon moves around the earth.
有明确表示时间的状语，如in 2010
John said, “I went to London in 2010.”
John said that he went to London in 2010.
主句是各种现在时或将来时
He says”I didn’t go to school today.”
He says that he didn’t go to school that day.
句中其他成分的变化
句子结构的变化
1）直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2）直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
3）直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→She asked me when they had their dinner.
4）直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "
Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
5）直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest +动句词（或从句）。
"如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
【补充讲解】
总结：直接引语是祈使句时，采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，即ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
二. 经典例题
1.He asked ____ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ____?
A.how good is his spoken English
B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English
D. how good he can speak English
4. He said that he had bought the jacket____.
A. before three days B. three days before
C. three days ago D. last week
5. Did you say_____?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true
6. Please tell me ____ from.
A. where do you come B. where you come
C. where you will come D. there you come
7. Ask her ____ come with us.
A if she will B. if or not she will
C. that if she will D. whether will she
8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at West Street.
A will, up B. would, up
C. will, out D. would, out
9. He said he ___ in 1993.
A .has born B. had been born
C. had born D. was born
10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said
11. He asked me ___I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if
C. that whether D. how
12. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon?
—I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
13. He_____they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if
C. asked whether D. said that whether
14. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
15. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
【参考答案】1—5 DDCCA 6—10 BABDC 11—15 BDADC