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阅读理解不认识单词怎么办?这几个猜词义的小技巧你一定要掌握!

2023-05-27 08:00:43 剑桥(MSE)考试培训中心 2983

做阅读理解,最怕遇到生词,不仅影响文章的理解,也会拖慢阅读速度,而在阅读理解当中,生词又是不可避免的,今天就为大家总结了几个巧猜词义的方法,大家一定要掌握哦~

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1类属法


即通过类属来推测词义。

如:

■ Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

说明:

从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas, oranges是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。


2推理法


即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义

如:

■ That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

说明:

既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么immense的意思应该是“很大”了。


■ Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.

说明:

既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”,说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。


3列举法


即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义

如:

■ Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.

说明:

像dogs和monkeys之类的“creatures”,显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。


■In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.

说明:

periodical是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。


4构词法


即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。

如:

■ Overwork may cause diseases.

说明:

前缀over-的意思是“过分的,过量的”,故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。


■ There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.

说明:

satisfied的意思是“满意的”,前缀dis- 的意思是“不”,故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的”。


5对比法


即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。

如:

■ He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.

说明:

句中的but表明deteriorate应该与get better的意思相反,即“恶化”。


■In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

说明:

上文说两个经济上的极端,那么下文中penury应与great wealth相对,即表示“贫困”。


■ Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.

说明:

while表对比,意为“而”,所以loquacious应是silent的反义,即“多嘴的”。


■ If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.

说明:

既然画圈表示同意,那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。


6同位法


同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释,若对所修饰的词语不熟悉,可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。

如:

■ His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.

说明:

同位语the study of the sounds of language表示 phonetics的意思应该是“语音学”。


■ Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine (脊骨).

说明:

同位语a birth illness that damages the spine表明了spina bifida是一种病,一种对脊骨有损害的病。


7释义法


即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。

如:

■ They described him as a loon, or a mad man.

说明:

句中的or是对loon的解释,即loon与a mad man同义,即表示“疯子”。


■ It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.

说明:

句中的that is表明it will break easily是对brittle的解释,从而猜测出其意为“脆”。


■ The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.

说明:

定语从句who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为“牧人”。


■ There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry andfeathery?

说明:

定语从句that is somewhat dry and feathery (有点儿干、像羽毛似的) 表明fluffy snow的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。


8常识法


即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。

如:

■ It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.

说明:

根据常识,Bill Gates为世界首富,所以affluent可能是“富有的”。


■ As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.

说明:

根据常识,Edison为发明大王,他应因“发明”而闻名于世。

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