剑桥MSE基础语法丨条件句的用法与结构
条件句也被称为if从句
一般来说,条件句分为两个部分:主句 + if引导的条件分句。
Zero conditional
用法
“zero conditional”指的是用于表达事实的条件句。在这种条件句中,没有假设的情况or潜在的未来可能,只有现在真实的条件。“zero conditional”常常用来表达科学事实。
结构
if + 一般现在时,.....一般现在时。(主句,if句全部使用一般现在时)
举例
If you mix blue and red, you get purple.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
If I go to bed early, I always get up very early.
First conditional
用法
“first conditional”指的是用来预测的条件句,在这种条件句中,条件是现在或将来真实存在的条件,“first conditional”通常用来表示现在或将来可能发生的事情。
结构
if + 一般现在时,.....一般将来时。(主句使用一般将来时,if句使用一般现在时)
举例
If I find her address, I'll send her an invitation.
Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.
Second Conditional
用法
“second conditional”通常用来描述假设的情况,这种条件句中,条件一般与现在或将来的事实相反。“second conditional”用来表示虚拟、假设的情况。
结构
if + 一般过去时,.... would/wouldn't do
举例
If I won a million dollars, I would buy a new car.
If I were you, I would quit smoking.
They would stay longer if they had more time.
Third Conditional
用法
“third conditional”同“second conditional”类似,用来描述假设的情况,但是在“third conditional”中,条件是与过去事实相反的。这种条件句通常用来表示假设过去的情况。
结构
if + 过去完成时,.... would/wouldn't have done(过去将来完成时)
举例
If I had got a gold medal, I would have been happy.
If the weather had been good, we would have gone picnic.
If she had studied hard last week, she could have passed the exam.
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