剑桥MSE基础语法丨主谓一致常见错误
主语为集合名词
集合名词指的是用来指代由多个实体组成的一个集合的名词。比如说:the crowd(人群), my family(我的家人们)。
那么像这样由一个集体指代多个实体的名词,谓语要使用单数还是复数呢?
RULE NO.1
一般来讲,美式英语习惯将集合名词当做单数,英式英语习惯将集合名词作为复数。
RULE NO.2
当集体名词更强调一个整体的时候,谓语使用单数。当集体名词强调的是集体中的多个个体的时候,谓语使用复数。例:
His family is big. 他家是个大家庭。(强调的是“他家”这个集体)
His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。(强调的是“他的每个家人”多个个体)
RULE NO.3
一些集体名词绝大部分情况下都是复数形式,如:police、people、cattle,例:
The police are coming.
Who are these people?
The cattle are fed on barley.
主语为Either/ Neither
主语为Either/ Neither, 或包含and, either or/ neither nor。
(1) 使用and连接,主语一定指的是两个及以上的主体,谓语一般使用复数。
Cheese and tomato are delicious on the bread.
My friends and I are playing soccer.
(2) 使用Either/ Neither,主语虽然指的是多个事物,但意义上却是分别指代单个事物,谓语一般使用单数。
Neither is willing to give up. (=He is not willing to give up, and she is not willing to give up. )
Either is good enough. (=This is good enough, and that is good enough.)
(3) 使用Either or/ Neither nor,采取就近原则,谓语距离哪个名词近,形式就随这个名词变化。
Neither John nor his sisters were at school today.
Neither John's sisters nor John was at school today.
主语和谓语间被介词、介词短语隔开
当句子主语后面跟有介词or介词短语时,会经常让人感到混乱。比如说:
The manner in which you spoke tothose people are rude.
在这个句子中,谓语并不与前面的名词(those people)所联系,而是与句子的主语(the manner)相联系,所以句子的正确形式应该为:
The manner in which you spoke to those people is rude.
例:
Food between the teeth results in bad teeth.
Students who staying in the classroom are doing their homework.
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